托福真經月報-2023年2月報

01.托福寫作題型速覽 INTRODUCTION TO TOEFL WRITING QUESTIONS

📝托福寫作2種題型

• 第1題 (Writing Task 1) :整合寫作題型
• 第2題 (Writing Task 2) :獨立寫作題型

第1題 整合寫作題 Writing Task 1

本題考生將用約3分鐘閱讀一篇文章，再用約2分鐘聽一段教授講課音檔，閱讀題目後在20分鐘內完成寫作，統整聽力中教授講課內容如何回應閱讀中的論點。

建議練習方向為練習閱讀資訊改寫(換句話說)，練習聽力資訊詳實轉述，與練習使用高分模板寫作(推薦克雷英文滿分寫作模板)。

閱讀 (3分鐘) ➤聽⼒ (約2分鐘) ➤閱讀寫作題⽬ ➤寫作 (20分鐘) 建議字數250-300字

第2題 獨立寫作題 Writing Task 2

本題考生將針對題目中問題，在30分鐘內完成寫作，提出自己的論點並以理由與例證說明論點。

建議練習方向為練習快速構思理由，練習論說文的說理式寫作邏輯(推薦克雷英文滿分寫作模板)，與練習舉具體事例扣題。

閱讀寫作題⽬➤寫作 (30分鐘)建議字數350-400字

02.托福整合寫作真題 TOEFL WRITING TASK 1 QUESTION

整合寫作真題題目 (2023年2月真題)

閱讀題目 Reading Passage：

One of the most famous natural areas in the United States is the Everglades, a wetland area located in southern Florida. It is home to many rare plant and animal species and attracts thousands of visitors each year. However, in recent years, the ecology of these wetlands has come under threat from a variety of sources and will very possibly disappear in less than ten years.

First, the Everglades have recently seen a dramatic increase in the presence of invasive plants. These plants, such as hydrilla or wild taro, are not native to the region. Once they take root, they spread rapidly, choking out other plants. Many animals that feed on the now-reduced native vegetation also suffer from a lack of food. The incursion of exotic invasive plants is resulting in a decrease of native plant and animal populations in the Everglades.

Second, in the past two decades the amount of rain has significantly declined in southern Florida, leading to much previously-wet spoil becoming dry. Areas that had previously been underwater year-round have emerged above the surface while streams that fish and alligators used to swim through are no longer navigable. The end result is that the plants and animals that have adapted to this environment over hundreds of years are now struggling to survive the change to their habitat.

Third, recent soil surveys conducted by government organizations have come upon a shocking discovery: high levels of mercury in the water of the Everglades. Once it enters an organism, mercury, a toxic element also known as quicksilver, will remain inside the plant or animal for its entire life, slowly poisoning it. This is a particular concern for large predators like alligators, which not only absorb mercury from the water but receive concentrated doses in the poisoned animals they consume.

聽力題目逐字稿 Lecture：

The situation in the Everglades is indeed dire, but the wetlands will not be gone so soon as there are plausible solutions to each of the major issues facing the wetland ecology of southern Florida.

First is the issue of invasive plant species. The solution to this problem relies on understanding its root cause. When farmers use fertilizers on their crops, they often apply too much. Rainwater carries the excess fertilizer to the Everglades, where they help invasive species grow. The solution is simple: require farmers to reduce the amount of fertilizers they apply to their crops. In fact, this process has already started, as local governments have put new agricultural regulation into place.

Second, regarding the fact that the Everglades have been drying up, it’s not just a matter of rainfall, but of human water use. Several nearby towns and farms draw water from the Everglades, as well as the streams and rivers that feed into it. Decades ago this was not a problem because the frequent rain would replenish the water that was taken. Now that the rains have diminished, neighboring towns and farms will have to find other sources, such as by desalinating ocean water. Without humans taking water from the wetlands, the water level should soon be restored.

Last is the problem of the high mercury levels in the wetlands. As is often the case, high levels of mercury are the result of nearby coal-fired power plants. Coal is rich in mercury, and when the coal is burned for energy, the poisonous element settles into neighboring soil and water. So, the most important thing to do is to replace coal with another fuel source. Fortunately, Florida has abundant sun and wind, so once proper investments in clean energy are made, the coal plants can be replaced by clean energy, eliminating the source of mercury in the Everglades.

02.托福整合寫作範文 1 TOEFL WRITING TASK 1 SAMPLE ANSWER 1

問題：

Summarize the points made in the lecture, being sure to explain how they respond to the specific points made in the reading passage.（2023年2月 真題）

👩‍🦱整合寫作美國老師滿分示範範文- 全文(字數: 307字)

The reading passage claims that the Everglades are in danger of disappearing due to the effects of invasive plants and animals, drought, and mercury pollution. Although it presents several pieces of evidence, the professor in the lecture counters each of these points and refutes the argument.

First, the reading passage points out that the Everglades are being threatened by the spread of invasive plants, which are reducing both plant and animal populations. This is having a detrimental effect on the biodiversity of the region. However, the lecturer argues that the invasive plant species are caused by excess fertilizer from nearby farms, and the solution is to reduce the amount of fertilizers applied to crops with new agricultural regulations.

Second, the reading passage states that Southern Florida has experienced a significant drop in rainfall over the past two decades, resulting in formerly wet areas becoming dry and impacting the plants and animals in the area. On the other hand, the professor believes that the cause is actually a combination of decreased rainfall and human water usage, and the water level could be restored if humans stop taking water from the wetlands.

The reading passage’s final argument indicates government soil surveys have revealed high levels of toxic mercury in the water of the Everglades, with large predators like alligators at risk of being poisoned over time due to their consumption of poisoned animals. The professor refutes this by saying the high levels of mercury in the Everglades is due to nearby coal-fired power plants, so the solution is to replace them with renewable energy sources like solar and wind.

Based on the reasoning shown above, it is clear that there is a discrepancy between the accounts of the reading and the listening passages. Although the contents in the reading passage seem plausible, the speaker disproves them through solid reasoning.

👱‍♀️整合寫作美國老師滿分示範範文- 全文(字數: 296字)

The listening passage presents a more optimistic outlook on the future of the Everglades than the reading passage, arguing that there are plausible solutions to the major issues facing the wetland ecology of southern Florida. Because of this, the speaker claims that the Everglades are not likely to disappear.

First, the professor notes that the issue of invasive plant species comes from the overuse of fertilizers by farmers. When rainwater carries excess fertilizer to the Everglades it contributes to invasive plant growth. The solution is to require farmers to reduce the amount of fertilizer they use. This is already happening, as local governments have implemented new agricultural regulations.

Second, the professor states that the drying up of the Everglades relates to human water use. Nearby towns and farms have been drawing water from the Everglades and its tributaries. However, due to the decrease in rainfall, these towns and farms will need to find alternative water sources, such ocean water desalination. If humans stop taking water from the wetlands, the water level should soon recover.

Finally, the issue of high mercury levels in the Everglades is linked to coal- fired power plants. When coal is burned for energy, mercury can settle into the soil and water of neighboring areas. Shifting away from coal as a fuel source and towards wind and solar power will help resolve this issue. Fortunately, Florida is rich in these sustainable resources, so with proper investment, the state can phase out coal plants and eliminate the source of mercury in the Everglades.

In conclusion, the listening passage presents a more optimistic view of the future of the Everglades by providing plausible solutions to the issues raised in the reading passage. By taking these measures, the Everglades can be preserved for future generations to enjoy.

03.托福獨立寫作真題 TOEFL WRITING TASK 2 QUESTION

獨立寫作真題 題目(2023年2月真題)

問題：

問題:
When learning to play an instrument or sport, some people believe that it is better to force themselves to practice on a regular basis (to practice for a certain amount of time each day), while others believe that they should practice whenever they feel like it. Which do you think is better and why? （2023年2月真題）

👩‍🦱獨立寫作台灣老師滿分示範範文- 全文 (字數: 360字)

There are two basic methods for practicing when learning to play an instrument or sport: forcing oneself to exercise routinely, or playing whenever one feels like it. Some individuals favor an unstructured approach to practicing, while others favor a more organized and structured approach. In this essay, I will explain why I believe the latter option is preferable.

First, I think it is beneficial to practice regularly, as it fosters consistency, which helps to develop better skills and habits. With this approach, one is more likely to have the discipline to practice even if they do not feel like it. For example, playing violin from 7:00 to 8:00 PM every day will keep a learner from slacking off. By cultivating discipline, one can build confidence and overcome any mental blocks one may have.

Second, sticking to a regular schedule for practice can help you make the most of your time. Using this method, one can plan out their practice time in advance and make sure that they use it to its fullest potential. For instance, if a learner limits practice time to only one hour each day, they will be sure to use every minute of the hour for practice, rather than spending time on their phone or chatting with their friends. In this way, regular practice helps one stay focused and motivated to make progress.

Last but not least, structured practice allows you to break down the learning process into smaller and more manageable tasks. By completing one or two tasks every day, you can develop skills step-by-step and stay focused on key areas. For example, many sports have rules and techniques which need to be learned, and it may take children a while to understand them. Taking small steps when practicing helps them to improve skills in a more efficient and effective way.

Overall, structured practice is the most effective way of improving one’s skills. It allows people to focus on the particular areas that need improvement and to track their progress, while also eliminating distractions. Additionally, it encourages a sense of discipline. For these reasons, I believe that the structured approach to practice is preferable.

👱‍♀️獨立寫作美國老師滿分示範範文- 全文 (字數: 398字)

Many skills, such as musical instruments and sports, require considerable practice to master. While some people think it is better to have a set time each day for practice, I believe allowing yourself to practice when you feel like it is a superior approach.

For one thing, practicing only when you feel like it is a more efficient use of practice time. Forcing yourself to practice at the same time every day disregards exterior factors. A tired, sick or unwilling person will not be able to focus on the task at hand and will not make the most of practice time. In contrast, someone excited about practice will be able to achieve much more during practice. So, people should only practice when they feel like it and not bind themselves to a set schedule.

Second, adhering to an inflexible practice schedule regardless of your feelings at the time will nurture feelings of resentment toward the skill being practiced. When a learner forces themselves to do something regardless of their desires at that time, they will come to dread the task. For example, many children who show an interest in music practice piano on a set schedule. Though they originally loved music, they come to resent the fixed schedule and give up the instrument as soon as they can. Therefore, in order to maintain interest, people should only practice when they feel like it.

Finally, having a more flexible schedule encourages people to find time to practice, even if their normal schedule is interrupted. When someone is accustomed to practicing at the same time every day, they will often have a mental block keeping them from rescheduling. For instance, if a runner is used to jogging at 6:00 PM every day but occasionally has to work overtime, they will have difficulty finding another time. On the other hand, someone accustomed to jogging at various hours will have no issue. Because keeping a set practice time can reduce the actual amount of practice, it is better to have a flexible schedule.

In conclusion, though there may be some benefits to establishing a certain time to practice an instrument or sport, it is better to only practice when one feels like it. This method will use time more efficiently and help the learner adapt to disruptions to their schedule. It also prevents feelings of resentment toward the skill being practiced.

04.托福口說題型速覽 INTRODUCTION TO TOEFL SPEAKING QUESTIONS

👄托福口說部分總共有4題：

• 第1題➤獨立題型 ➤個人意見題
• 第2題➤整合題型 ➤校園情境題
• 第3題➤整合題型 ➤觀念例子題
• 第4題➤整合題型 ➤學術講課題

第1題 Speaking Task 1

題目中會提供兩個立場論述，請你擇一立場附理由解釋你的觀點，或是提供單一論點，請你附理由解釋自己同意或不同意。

看到題目➤準備 (15秒)➤口說回答 (45秒)

第2題 Speaking Task 2

題目中將提供一篇閱讀篇章(學生陳情信、校園公告等)，後播放一段聽力音檔，內容主要為2位學生的對話。閱讀以及聽完之後，考生須統整閱讀與聽力資訊作口說摘要。

閱讀 (45-50秒)➤聽力 (約1-1.5分)➤準備 (30秒)➤口說回答 (60秒)

第3題 Speaking Task 3

題目中將提供一篇閱讀篇章，內容主要為學術文章，後播放一段聽力音檔，內容主要為教授講課片對。閱讀以及聽完之後，考生須統整閱讀與聽力資訊作口說摘要。

閱讀 (45-50秒)➤聽力 (約1-1.5分)➤準備 (30秒)➤口說回答 (60秒)

第4題 Speaking Task 4

題目將播放一篇聽力音檔，內容主要為學術講課，聽完後考生須作口說摘要。

聽力 (約1-2分)➤準備 (20秒)➤口說回答 (60秒)

05.托福口說第1題真題與示範答案 TOEFL SPEAKING TASK 1 QUESTION, SAMPLE ANSWER

問題：

Some people believe that students should memorize some important historical data such as the names and dates of historical events. Other people believe that it is not necessary for students to memorize these facts. Which point of view do you agree with? Explain why. (2023年2月真題）

🎙口說第1題 示範答案音檔

口說第1題 示範答案 逐字稿

I do not believe that it is important for students to memorize historical facts and dates for two reasons. First, for almost everyone, this sort of information is unimportant in their later life. Once they graduate from school and enter the workforce, they won’t need to know historical dates or facts because it’s just not important to what they’re doing. Second, I used to be a history teacher, and in the field we say that there are more important things to learn than information. For example, we learn about the relationship between ideas, cause and effect, or how to evaluate historical evidence for a claim. That’s why I feel this way.

06.托福口說第2題真題 TOEFL SPEAKING TASK 2 QUESTION

口說第2題 真題(2023年2月真題)

閱讀題目 Letter

Boats Available on Campus Lake
We are proud to announce that there are now boats available to rent at the lake on campus for a small hourly fee. One of the benefits of this new attraction is that students will be able to enjoy our university’s beautiful campus from a different perspective, that is, from the middle of the lake. In addition, people from outside the university will come and rent boats, supplementing the budget required to maintain the natural lakeside scenery. This new revenue source will help ensure that we have the funding to keep our lake clean and beautiful.

聽力題目逐字稿 Listening

Listen to a conversation between two students.
A: So did you hear that we can rent boats at the lake now?
B: Yeah, I did. But, I’m not too excited about it.
A: Why not?
B: Well, like most students, I don’t think I’ll have enough time to take advantage of the opportunity.
A: Students do tend to be pretty busy.
B: Oh yeah. Between classes, homework and reading, I doubt I’ll ever find two or three hours to just relax on the lake, and I think most students will feel the same way. The only free time I really have is summer and winter break, when I’m away from school anyway.
A: And you think other students will feel the same way?
B: Definitely. In the end, hardly any students will actually rent the boats.
A: Well, what about the money the boats will make? The school could really use the money.
B: I’m not so sure about that either. While the school really does need money to keep the lake looking nice, this won’t make enough money to solve the problem.
A: Why not?
B: They set the cost low in order to make sure that students can afford it. But with so little money coming in, and with the costs of maintaining the boats, I’m not sure the university will make any money at all.
A: I see what you mean.
B: And besides that, they’ll also need to hire some employees to run the rentals. To tell the truth, I think the school will be lucky just to break even and not lose money.

06.托福口說第2題示範答案 TOEFL SPEAKING TASK 2 SAMPLE ANSWER

問題：

The man expresses his opinion of the campus announcement. State his opinion and explain the reasons he gives for holding that opinion. （2023年2月真題）

🎙口說第2題 示範答案音檔

口說第2題 示範答案逐字稿

The campus announcement says that the school will begin to rent boats on the lake on campus for students to enjoy. The student in the listening passage thinks that this is not such a great idea, for the following two reasons. First, he says that most students will be too busy to take advantage of the opportunity. Between reading and homework no one will have time during the semester and during summer and winter break everyone will be away. So, very few students will actually enjoy this new program. Second, the student in the listening doesn’t believe that the school will be able to make money off of this program either. The price is too low and the costs are too high. He says that the school will have to maintain the boats and will have to hire employees, so they will be lucky to break even, if not even lose money on this program. This is why he feels this way.

07.托福口說第3題真題 TOEFL SPEAKING TASK 3 QUESTION

閱讀題目 Textbook

Rebound Paradox
Governments and activist organizations often attempt to reduce resource consumption, whether it’s energy, food or natural resources. However, in some cases, consumers change their behavior because of these efforts, with the final outcome being that they actually use more of the resource in question. Economists refer to this as the “rebound paradox.” Though an institution’s measures may be well-intended, if the real result is the opposite of what was desired, it would be better to do nothing at all. It is critical for consumer behavior changes to be considered in order to avoid the rebound paradox.

聽力題目逐字稿 Lecture

All right, let’s think about electric vehicles as an example of the rebound paradox. In order to combat global climate change and reduce CO2 emissions, the government wants to decrease the amount of fossil fuels used by citizens. In recent years, the government has put in place several measures to make electric cars more affordable for ordinary people. There are lower taxes on electric vehicles, and the government has paid for charging stations to be built around the country. You would expect these policies to result in more people driving electric cars, and that is indeed what happened. But the ultimate goal of reducing fossil fuel use hasn’t been realized. Why not?

After extensive research, scholars have found that people who own electric cars tend to drive more than people with traditional gas-powered vehicles. Because electric vehicles are much more efficient, it costs a consumer less money to travel the same distance. As a result, people are willing to take vacations to farther destinations. They’re less careful to carpool together, instead choosing to drive alone. One study even found that people with electric cars are more likely to take a job far away from home, compared to people with traditional vehicles. Because people drive electric vehicles more than they would gas-powered ones, the energy savings are negated. In the end, the government’s policies didn’t help reduce fossil fuel use at all.

07.托福口說第3題示範答案 TOEFL SPEAKING TASK 3 SAMPLE ANSWER

問題：

Using the example of electric cars, explain the concept of the rebound paradox.（2023年2月真題）

🎙口說第3題 示範答案音檔

口說第3題 示範答案逐字稿

The reading passage discusses the concept of the rebound paradox. It says that when governments or organizations try to reduce the consumption of a certain resource, they often don’t take changes in consumer behavior into account, and the result is that consumers actually end up using more of the resource. The professor in the lecture gives the example of electric vehicles. He says that in order to reduce the use of fossil fuels, governments have encouraged people to buy and use electric vehicles. The government has lowered taxes and has built charging stations. However, fossil fuel use actually hasn’t declined because people, when they have electric vehicles, they find that it is cheaper to drive more, so they are taking vacations to more distant destinations or are less likely to carpool. The end result is that they use more fossil fuels than they did in the first place. This example clearly illustrates the concept.

08.托福口說第4題真題 TOEFL SPEAKING TASK 4 QUESTION

聽力題目逐字稿 Listening

Listen to a lecture in an astronomy class

All right, so suppose you want to build a new astronomical observatory. But in order to ensure that the telescopes can get the clearest possible image of outer space, you need to first consider where to build it. Generally, there are two main considerations when choosing the location of an observatory: it should be far from urban areas and it should be in a dry climate.

The best astronomical observatories are built far from urban areas in order to avoid light pollution. Electric lights from towns and cities brighten the night sky and illuminate particles in the air itself, making it difficult to get good images of astral objects. So scientists trying to view objects in outer space find places far from major human settlements. Let’s take one of the most famous observatories in the US, the Keck Observatory, as an example. The Keck Observatory is on an island in Hawaii, in the middle of the Pacific Ocean. There is one medium-sized city on a different island, about two hundred miles away, but the nearest big city is over two thousand miles away. With the Keck Observatory about as remote as possible, it has no problem with light pollution.

Another consideration for where to build observatories is air quality. When we think about particles in the air, we normally think about pollution from vehicles and factories. But with astronomical observatories, it’s not just pollution, but also water and dust that interfere with telescopes. To deal with this problem, observatories are typically located in very dry environments such as deserts or high mountaintops. To use the same example again, the Keck Observatory sits on top of the tallest mountain in Hawaii, at an altitude of over ten thousand feet. With that kind of altitude, the air is crisp and clear, with virtually no water content or other particles.

08.托福口說第4題示範答案 TOEFL SPEAKING TASK 4 SAMPLE ANSWER

問題：

問題: Using points and examples from the lecture, explain two considerations regarding the location of astronomical observatories.（2023年2月真題）

🎙口說第4題 示範答案音檔

口說第4題 示範答案逐字稿

The professor in the lecture discusses two considerations when choosing where to locate an astronomical observatory. First she says that it should be located far away from urban centers because of light pollution. Light from cities illuminates particles in the air and interferes with the images collected by telescopes. She gives the example of Keck Observatory in Hawaii. It is over two hundred miles from the closest mid- sized city and over two thousand miles away from the nearest big city. The other consideration she discusses is air quality. Pollution, water and dust get in the air and interfere with the images in telescopes. So, astronomical observatories should be located in dry locations such as mountains and deserts. Again she gives the example of Keck Observatory, which is on Hawaii’s tallest mountain at an elevation of over ten thousand feet. So the air is very crisp and clear up there.