托福真經月報-2023年09月報

01.托福寫作題型速覽 INTRODUCTION TO TOEFL WRITING QUESTIONS

📝托福寫作2種題型

• 第1題 (Writing Task 1) :整合寫作題型
• 第2題 (Writing Task 2) :學術討論寫作題型

第1題 整合寫作題 Writing Task 1

本題考生將用約3分鐘閱讀一篇文章，再用約2分鐘聽一段教授講課音檔，閱讀題目後在20分鐘內完成寫作，統整聽力中教授講課內容如何回應閱讀中的論點。

建議練習方向為練習閱讀資訊改寫(換句話說)，練習聽力資訊詳實轉述，與練習使用高分模板寫作(推薦克雷英文滿分寫作模板)。

閱讀 (3分鐘) ➤聽⼒ (約2分鐘) ➤閱讀寫作題⽬ ➤寫作 (20分鐘) 建議字數250-300字

第2題 學術討論寫作題 Writing Task 2

本題考生將在10分鐘內，閱讀教授在討論板上提出的問題與兩位同學的回覆後，完成寫作，寫作中須對於討論串有貢獻，並且附理由與舉例提出自己獨特的論點。

建議練習方向為練習快速構思立場，練習如何寫作支持細節來支持立場（推薦克雷英文托福衝刺課），與練習舉出具體事例扣題。

閱讀題⽬與寫作(10分鐘) 建議字數120-150字

02.托福整合寫作真題 TOEFL WRITING TASK 1 QUESTION

整合寫作真題題目(2023年09月真題)

閱讀題目 Reading Passage：

Hawaii, renowned for its stunning landscapes and unique biodiversity, faces a formidable challenge in the form of the invasive species, miconia. Originating from Central America, miconia has found its way to Hawaii, threatening the delicate balance of the local ecosystem. Three potential strategies seem best suited to counteract the spread of this invasive plant.

A fundamental step in combating the miconia invasion is mobilizing communities to uproot and destroy existing miconia trees. By actively involving local residents, conservation organizations, and government agencies, a collective effort can be made to target areas with miconia infestations. Depending on the density of the miconia plants, it may be necessary to add chemical herbicides to the soil after uprooting existing trees. This strategy not only directly reduces the population of the invasive species but also prevents the further spread of miconia through its prolific seed production.

An innovative and environmentally conscious approach involves the introduction of a parasitic fungus that specifically targets miconia trees. Careful consideration and extensive research should precede the implementation of this strategy to ensure that the introduced fungus does not harm native plant species. If successful, the parasitic fungus could provide a sustainable and biologically integrated method for controlling the miconia population, offering a long-term solution to this invasive species issue. This method has the additional benefit of not requiring a sustained commitment of manpower and funding.

Preventing the spread of miconia seeds is crucial in halting its invasion.A community-focused strategy involves educating local residents about the importance of cleaning seeds off their clothes and shoes after hiking or spending time in areas with miconia infestations. Many hiking trails have special brushes so that hikers can conveniently clean their shoes. Establishing awareness campaigns, distributing informational materials, and organizing community workshops can contribute to a greater understanding of the importance of individual actions in curbing the miconia invasion.

聽力題目逐字稿 Lecture：

Unfortunately, each of the proposed strategies has serious drawbacks that will hinder their success. At the current time, there does not seem to be any promising method of dealing with the miconia infestation in Hawaii.

First, regarding the strategy of pulling up miconia trees. This would eliminate the current trees, but would actually speed up the growth of newer plants. Miconia seeds that are in the ground will grow faster if the soil is warmer. Well, when community members pull up trees, this causes more sunlight to reach the topsoil, heating it up. The result is that the seeds will germinate faster, that is, they’ll grow into plants more quickly. So uprooting trees is not a sustainable solution.

Second, though introducing a parasitic fungus may work in some areas, it will not be effective everywhere. Like most fungi, the fungus that would be used thrives in humid conditions. We usually think about Hawaii as having a rainy, jungle climate, but actually different parts of the region have very different climates. Because the winds that carry clouds are almost always blowing from the same direction, some areas get almost no rain at all. So the parasitic fungus simply will not grow in these places, and will not affect the miconia infestation at all.

Finally, the idea of getting people to stop spreading seeds on their clothes and shoes is well-intentioned, but rests on the assumption that humans are the primary way that seeds are spread. Actually, birds spread many times more seeds than people do. Birds swallow the seeds, but are not able to digest them. So when the seeds have passed through the birds’ digestive systems, they are deposited in a distant location. Therefore, providing brushes at trailheads and informing the public about brushing seeds off their clothes and shoes would do little to stem the spread of miconia seeds.

02.托福整合寫作範文 1 TOEFL WRITING TASK 1 SAMPLE ANSWER 1

問題：

Summarize the points made in the lecture, being sure to explain how they respond to the specific points made in the reading passage.（2023年9月真題）

👩‍🦱整合寫作美國老師滿分示範範文- 全文(字數:291字)

The lecture casts doubt on the methods provided in the reading passage regarding how to resist an invasive species called miconia from threatening the ecosystem of Hawaii. It challenges the approach of uprooting and destroying miconia trees, introducing parasitic fungus, and convincing residents to clean seeds off their clothes and shoes, arguing that these methods are not effective.

First, the reading passage contends that uprooting and destroying existing miconia trees can prevent the growth of new miconia trees. However, the listening passage disproves this strategy by explaining that pulling up the trees exposes miconia seeds in the ground to sunlight, speeding up the growth of newer plants. After pulling up the trees, increased sunlight reaches the topsoil, the warmth will cause seeds to germinate faster, thereby promoting quicker plant growth.

Second, the essay suggests that introducing parasitic fungus can effectively control the miconia population. On the other hand, the listening passage points out that this method may only work in some humid areas and is ineffective in dry areas. Because the fungus only thrives in humid conditions, this would not work in the whole region as some regions in Hawaii do not receive much rain.

Finally, the reading passage states that encouraging residents to clean seeds off their clothes and shoes can reduce the spread of miconia seeds. However, the listening passage disagrees with this idea because birds actually spread more seeds than humans. Even if humans stop spreading the seeds, birds will spread them by eating them and depositing them out in distant areas.

In conclusion, the lecture challenges the strategies proposed in the reading passage for reducing the spread of miconia trees. Although the ideas in the reading passage seem plausible, the speaker effectively refutes them with solid reasoning.

👱‍♀️整合寫作滿分示範範文- 全文(字數:266字)

The reading passage provides three methods for combating the invasive miconia species in Hawaii: uprooting and destroying miconia trees, introducing a parasitic fungus, and encouraging residents to clean seeds off their clothes and shoes after hiking. However, the listening passage refutes each of these methods.

To begin with, the essay suggests removing existing miconia trees. However, the lecturer explains that uprooting the trees exposes miconia seeds in the ground to sunlight, thereby accelerating the growth of new plants. The increased sunlight reaching the topsoil after tree removal heats up the soil and seeds, leading to faster germination and plant growth.

Furthermore, while the reading passage proposes introducing parasitic fungus as a means to control the miconia population, the listening passage highlights its limited efficacy. It notes that the fungus only thrives in humid conditions, so it is ineffective in areas of Hawaii with minimal rainfall. Dry areas will see no effect from the fungus. This challenges the assumption that parasitic fungus is universally effective in combating miconia trees.

Lastly, the reading passage suggests that encouraging residents to remove miconia seeds from their clothing and shoes can curb seed spread. However, the listening passage refutes this notion by revealing that birds play a more significant role in seed dispersal than humans. Birds ingest and excrete the seeds, facilitating their spread to distant areas irrespective of human intervention.

Though the reading passage’s approaches for mitigating the spread of miconia trees seem convincing, the professor in the lecture disproves each one with sound reasoning. None of the three proposed actions will successfully eliminate the problem of miconia in Hawaii.

03.托福獨立寫作真題 TOEFL WRITING TASK 2 QUESTION

學術討論寫作真題 題目(2023年09月真題)

問題：

Your professor is teaching a class on business management. Write a post responding to the professor’s question.

In your response, you should do the following:
– Express and support your opinion.
– Make a contribution to the discussion in your own words.

An effective response will contain at least 100 words.

Doctor Diaz:

We’ve been discussing the importance of hiring and retaining highly skilled employees, but even the best employees may need to periodically update or further develop their work skills. One question facing managers is how much time and money to invest in improving the work skills of their employees. Some managers argue that ongoing employee training is the most important investment a company can make. What are your thoughts on the matter?

Kelly (student 1):

Employees’ leaving their jobs is always a risk, but providing ongoing training and skill development is more likely to make employees want to stay rather than go, in my opinion. When employers pay for training, employees are likely to feel more valued by their employer, and this can only improve the employer-employee relationship.

Andrew (student 2):

I don’t think that employee training is the most important investment a company can make. The company should be hiring the most skilled workers it can find in the first place. There are so many other unavoidable things that a company needs to spend money on that have to take precedence over training.

👩‍🦱學術討論寫作滿分示範範文1（字數：136字）

I agree with Andrew that employee training is not a crucial investment for companies. Instead, businesses should focus on providing their employees with advanced tools and technology.

Upgrading equipment can often improve efficiency without requiring additional training. In many cases, this merely involves updating the equipment that workers are already familiar with, so it does not require new training. In addition, newer tools and software are often more user-friendly and include tutorials, eliminating the need for expensive training programs. For example, if a medical office updates its computer system and adopts a new electronic health records system, employees can train themselves using the built-in tutorial and will be able to work more efficiently. That way, employee training is not that essential for a company.

So, businesses should prioritize investing in advanced technology rather than employee training.

學術討論寫作滿分示範範文2（字數：139字）

I agree with Kelly that companies should invest heavily in employee training. Besides improving the abilities of employees, paying for training programs boosts employee retention.

Often, when employees feel stuck in their jobs and see no room for advancement, they may become bored and start looking for new employment elsewhere. However, this can be avoided if the employer invests in employee training. If employers invest in training, employees will feel that they are continuously learning and have prospects for promotion, which reduces the likelihood of them leaving the company. This has been my own experience; when my workplace paid for me to attend professional development conferences, I often returned to work refreshed and encouraged. It removed any thoughts I had of looking for a different job.

In short, companies should invest in employee training in order to retain employees.

學術討論寫作真題 2 題目(2023年09月真題)

問題：

Your professor is teaching a class on education. Write a post responding to the professor’s question.
In your response, you should do the following.
– Express and support your opinion.
– Make a contribution to the discussion in your own words.
An effective response will contain at least 100 words.

Doctor Achebe:

Companies now make computer games designed to help very young children learn. The games are advertised for use by children aged 2 to 8 years and often involve basic math and reading skills, presented in a fun, game-like style. Some people say that this results in children spending too much time looking at computer screens. Do you think it’s a good idea for very young children to play educational computer games? Why or why not?

Andrew (student 1):

I think it’s completely inappropriate for children as young as 2 years old to play what are essentially video games. Even if the games are educational, the same skills can be taught in traditional ways—by reading books to children, for example. And it would be beneficial to interact with their parents in this way.

Kelly (student 2):

Considering how important computers are to human societies these days, I think it actually makes sense to allow very young children to explore them. And if the computer games that children play also give them early access to subject matter that will later be taught in school, all the better.

學術討論寫作滿分示範範文1（字數：143字）

I agree with Andrew that young children should not be taught using video games. This is because using devices like phones and tablets at a young age can negatively impact eye development.

The eyes of young children, like the rest of their body parts, have not yet grown into the size and proportions that adults have. Studies have shown that spending too much time looking at screens like phones and tablets can strain the eyes and even lead to nearsightedness. Increasing children’s screen time by using video games as a teaching method could harm their vision. In fact, some countries, such as China, have implemented policies specifically to limit video game use among minors. This is, in part, a public health policy intended to protect children’s eyes from damage.

Thus, video games should not be used as an instructional tool for young children.

學術討論寫作滿分示範範文2（字數：146字）

I agree with Kelly that young children should be allowed to play educational video games. It can help children engage with educational content in a fun and entertaining way.

Traditional teaching methods that focus on memorization can be boring for children, leading to a negative attitude towards school and hindering their education. However, if educational content can be turned into a game with entertaining music and visual effects, children can master the content easily and will no longer find school monotonous. This approach also allows teachers to focus on more meaningful activities in the classroom. For instance, teachers can have students learn the alphabet on their own using a game. Then, the class time that would have been spent on memorization can instead be used to discuss the difference between vowels and consonants.

Therefore, using video games to teach young children has more benefits than drawbacks.

學術討論寫作真題 3 題目(2023年09月真題)

問題：

Your professor is teaching a class on environmental science . Write a post responding to the professor’s question.
In your response, you should do the following.
– Express and support your opinion.
– Make a contribution to the discussion in your own words.
An effective response will contain at least 100 words.

Doctor Achebe:

In 1930, a famous economist predicted that at the end of the twentieth century, an average worker would work only 15 hours a week, thanks to advances in technology. This did not happen, as we all know. Nonetheless, the balance between work time and free time remains an interesting question. So, let me ask you today: Twenty years in the future, will people have more leisure time (free time) and less work than they have today? Why, or why not?

Claire (student 1):

I think it is likely that people will work shorter hours in twenty years than they do today. Our societies are becoming wealthier all the time. It does not seem necessary for people to continue working as hard as they do today. At some point, having more free time should be more important than creating more wealth.

Paul (student 2):

I am not sure people will work less in the future. As Doctor Achebe wrote, a shortening of the workweek was predicted before. There are many factors that determine how long people work. Our economic system is very competitive. Workers are pushed to work longer and longer hours so that companies have a competitive advantage.

學術討論寫作滿分示範範文1（字數：141字）

I agree with Claire that in twenty years, most people will work fewer hours than they do now. Advances in automation will remove the need for humans to work as hard.

In the future, machines and computers will take over more labor, similar to the trend that started with the Industrial Revolution. This will result in increased productivity with less effort from workers. For instance, agricultural work in developed countries is now performed by large tractors operated by farmers. However, we can confidently predict that in the future, AI-powered computers can operate a tractor, or even many tractors, which means farmers no longer have to spend time driving tractors. Instead, they can simply oversee the work of the machines remotely. Farmers, and all workers, will have more leisure time.

Thus, increased automation will lead to shorter working hours in twenty years.

學術討論寫作滿分示範範文2（字數：154字）

I agree with Paul that people will not work less in the future, despite technological advancements. This is because corporations will pay their employees such low wages that they will have no choice but to continue working the same amount.

Historically, technological advances have not led to shorter work weeks for the lower and middle classes. In the 19th century, thinkers such as Karl Marx and Charles Dickens noticed that the Industrial Revolution had greatly increased the wealth of the capitalist class, but urban laborers were actually poorer and unhealthier than their counterparts in the countryside. Capitalists at that time were able to keep wages low, forcing employees to work long hours to survive. This is still true today, and will likely continue in the future.

Thus, the system of private capitalism that is common today will ensure that most people will continue working the same amount in the future as they do today.

04.托福口說題型速覽 INTRODUCTION TO TOEFL SPEAKING QUESTIONS

👄托福口說部分總共有4題：

• 第1題➤獨立題型 ➤個人意見題
• 第2題➤整合題型 ➤校園情境題
• 第3題➤整合題型 ➤觀念例子題
• 第4題➤整合題型 ➤學術講課題

第1題 Speaking Task 1

題目中會提供兩個立場論述，請你擇一立場附理由解釋你的觀點，或是提供單一論點，請你附理由解釋自己同意或不同意。

看到題目➤準備 (15秒)➤口說回答 (45秒)

第2題 Speaking Task 2

題目中將提供一篇閱讀篇章(學生陳情信、校園公告等)，後播放一段聽力音檔，內容主要為2位學生的對話。閱讀以及聽完之後，考生須統整閱讀與聽力資訊作口說摘要。

閱讀 (45-50秒)➤聽力 (約1-1.5分)➤準備 (30秒)➤口說回答 (60秒)

第3題 Speaking Task 3

題目中將提供一篇閱讀篇章，內容主要為學術文章，後播放一段聽力音檔，內容主要為教授講課片對。閱讀以及聽完之後，考生須統整閱讀與聽力資訊作口說摘要。

閱讀 (45-50秒)➤聽力 (約1-1.5分)➤準備 (30秒)➤口說回答 (60秒)

第4題 Speaking Task 4

題目將播放一篇聽力音檔，內容主要為學術講課，聽完後考生須作口說摘要。

聽力 (約1-2分)➤準備 (20秒)➤口說回答 (60秒)

05.托福口說第1題真題與示範答案 TOEFL SPEAKING TASK 1 QUESTION, SAMPLE ANSWER

問題：

Some people think it is more fun to spend time with friends in restaurants or cafés. Others think it is more fun to spend time with friends at home. Which do you think is better? Explain why.
(2023年9月真題）

🎙口說第1題 示範答案音檔

口說第1題 示範答案 逐字稿

In my opinion, spending time with friends in restaurants or cafés is better for several reasons. Firstly, these places offer a lively atmosphere with various food options, creating a more enjoyable experience. For example, trying out different dishes or cuisines together with friends can be a fun adventure and memory. Secondly, dining out can eliminate the hassle of cooking and cleaning, allowing everyone to just relax and focus on the company. For instance, during a recent gathering at a friend’s house, after the gathering we had to clean up the place but some people left early so the rest of us had to stay up late to clean up everything. This is why I feel this way.

06.托福口說第2題真題 TOEFL SPEAKING TASK 2 QUESTION

口說第2題 真題(2023年09月真題)

閱讀題目 Reading

Internship Program
Our university is happy to announce that we are greatly expanding the number of internship opportunities at the school and we encourage all students to consider applying. Many departments that previously did not have any intern positions for undergraduates will now be accepting applications. One major benefit for students is that they will gain working experience. This will help them develop professional skills that will prove useful after graduation. In addition, all of the new internships are paid, so students will be able to earn some money while completing their degree. This will reduce the economic burden that many students bear.

聽力題目逐字稿 Conversation

Listen to a conversation between two students

A: Have you heard about the new internships?

B: Yeah, but I have to say, it doesn’t seem like a great idea.

A: Really? Why not?

B: Well, for one thing, internships aren’t really great places to learn practical professional skills. Like, my brother had an internship in the student housing office, but all he did was low-level grunt work.

A: You mean, he was only doing simple and easy tasks?

B: That’s right. He was making copies and answering emails, not really getting professional experience. He thought he would learn about how to manage student housing, but he didn’t end up learning anything at all.

A: I see. But at least he made some money, right?

B: He did, but that’s a different issue. I’m sure students will be glad to earn some money, but can the school really afford it?

A: The budget is pretty tight…

B: You bet it is. The university is already struggling to pay its existing employees, and many of the buildings need to be updated. Plus, recently the state government has not increased funding for public universities, even though costs are rising. I don’t know why they think they have extra money to pay for new interns.

A: Yeah, I see your point.

06.托福口說第2題示範答案 TOEFL SPEAKING TASK 2 SAMPLE ANSWER

問題：

The student expresses his opinion of the announcement. State his opinion and explain the reasons he gives for holding that opinion.（2023年9月真題）

🎙口說第2題 示範答案音檔

口說第2題 示範答案逐字稿

The campus announcement mentions that the university is going to expand the internship opportunities for students to gain some working experience and get paid while completing their degree. The student in the listening disagrees with it for a couple of reasons. First, he mentions that internships aren’t really a good place to learn professional skills. Take his brother as an example, he had an internship in the student housing office, but all he did was low-level grunt work such as replying to emails and making copies, and he ended up not learning anything at all. Second, he states that students can hardly earn money through internships as the school’s budgets are really tight and they are struggling to pay for current employees and the building’s cost. So, he doesn’t think they have extra money to pay for new interns anymore. This is why he thinks this way.

07.托福口說第3題真題 TOEFL SPEAKING TASK 3 QUESTION

閱讀題目 Reading passage

Flow
In psychology, the feeling of complete and energized focus in an activity is called flow. People who enter a state of flow lose their sense of time and have a feeling of great satisfaction. They become completely involved in an activity for its own sake rather than for what may result from the activity, such as money or prestige. Contrary to expectation, flow usually happens not during relaxing moments of leisure and entertainment, but when we are actively involved in a difficult enterprise, in a task that stretches our mental or physical abilities.

聽力題目逐字稿 Lecture

Let me give you an example from my own life. A few years after graduating from college, I had gotten used to my job and was living with a friend in an apartment. I wanted to try something new, so I decided to take up painting. I set up a space in my room and bought the materials, like paint, brushes and canvas. On my first day, I got started just after lunch, around one in the afternoon. I thought that starting by painting a bowl of fruit would be easy, but boy was I wrong. I had to pick the right brush and mix the colors just right. It was difficult to get the shapes and sizes of the fruits to match real life. I found myself concentrating on making very slow brush strokes, but my hands would shake when I went too slow. All in all, it wasn’t fun, because I got frustrated with how challenging the whole process was. But, after a while my roommate came into my room to ask me if I was hungry. It was already seven o’clock! And once he said that, I realized that actually I really was hungry. I had become so absorbed in this difficult task that I had completely forgotten about the time, how hungry I was, and anything else.

07.托福口說第3題示範答案 TOEFL SPEAKING TASK 3 SAMPLE ANSWER

問題：

Using the example provided in the lecture, explain the concept of flow.（2023年9月真題）

🎙口說第3題 示範答案音檔

口說第3題 示範答案逐字稿

The reading passage discusses the concept of flow. This is when people enter a state of flow, lose their sense of time, and have a feeling of great satisfaction. The professor in the lecture gives an example of himself. After he graduated from college, he wanted to try something new, so he decided to take up painting. First, he set up a space in his own room and bought the materials, such as paint, brushes, and canvas. On the first day of painting, he thought that it would be easy to paint a bowl of fruit, but soon he realized that he was wrong. He had to pick the right brush and mix the right colors. Then, the professor found himself concentrating on making very slow brush strokes, and he thought that it wasn’t fun at all. But after a while, his roommate came into his room and asked if he was hungry. Only then did the professor realize that he was really hungry at that time. Because he was so focused on the challenging task, he completely forgot about the time and how hungry he was.

08.托福口說第4題真題 TOEFL SPEAKING TASK 4 QUESTION

聽力題目逐字稿 Listening

Today we’ll look at how companies use different advertising techniques to target different kinds of customers. Two types of advertising methods exist to help better service the consumer market and the industrial market. Consumer marketing is defined as creating and selling products, goods and services to individual buyers. The company advertises directly to individuals and families purchasing goods and services for personal consumption. This kind of marketing is not directed at business or government purchases. Let’s take a furniture company as an example. This company sells all sorts of furniture, like sofas, chairs, tables, beds, you name it. In order to increase sales, the company puts out a lot of advertisements on TV and the internet. The ads emphasize the low price of some tables or buy-one-get-one deals on chairs. The hope is that people seeing these ads will think, “That piece of furniture would look good in my home. Maybe I should buy it.” On the other hand, industrial marketing, also commonly called business marketing, deals with marketing goods and services from one business to another business. It isn’t concerned with individual sales, but bulk sales of lots of goods. Let’s think about the same furniture company again. They are happy to sell to individuals, but if they can get other companies to purchase their goods, they might be able to sell hundreds or thousands of pieces of furniture in a short amount of time. Instead of relying on TV commercials, they need to target their advertising to specific companies with lots of buying power. So they’ll use a different strategy, like sending marketing emails to employees of the businesses or displaying their furniture at big conferences. Hopefully, they can secure some clients who will buy enough furniture to fill up an office building.

08.托福口說第4題示範答案 TOEFL SPEAKING TASK 4 SAMPLE ANSWER

問題：

Using points and examples from the lecture, explain the two types of advertising strategies.（2023年9月真題）

🎙口說第4題 示範答案音檔

口說第4題 示範答案逐字稿

The lecturer discusses two types of advertising methods that exist to better serve the consumer market and the industrial market. The first method is consumer marketing, which involves selling products, goods, or services to individual buyers. For example, a furniture company increases sales by advertising on TV and the Internet, emphasizing low prices for certain products to attract individual customers. The second method is industrial marketing, also known as business marketing, which deals exclusively with marketing goods and services from one business to another. Using the same furniture company as an example, if they can persuade other companies to purchase their products, they might be able to sell more furniture in a short period of time. With this strategy, they send out marketing emails to employees of businesses or showcase their furniture at large conferences, hoping to attract potential customers who will buy large quantities of furniture to furnish their office buildings.

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