托福真經月報-2022年06月報

01.托福寫作題型速覽 INTRODUCTION TO TOEFL WRITING QUESTIONS

📝托福寫作2種題型

• 第1題 (Writing Task 1) :整合寫作題型
• 第2題 (Writing Task 2) :獨立寫作題型

第1題 整合寫作題 Writing Task 1

本題考生將用約3分鐘閱讀一篇文章，再用約2分鐘聽一段教授講課音檔，閱讀題目後在20分鐘內完成寫作，統整聽力中教授講課內容如何回應閱讀中的論點。

建議練習方向為練習閱讀資訊改寫(換句話說)，練習聽力資訊詳實轉述，與練習使用高分模板寫作(推薦克雷英文滿分寫作模板)。

閱讀 (3分鐘) ➤聽⼒ (約2分鐘) ➤閱讀寫作題⽬ ➤寫作 (20分鐘) 建議字數250-300字

第2題 獨立寫作題 Writing Task 2

本題考生將針對題目中問題，在30分鐘內完成寫作，提出自己的論點並以理由與例證說明論點。

建議練習方向為練習快速構思理由，練習論說文的說理式寫作邏輯(推薦克雷英文滿分寫作模板)，與練習舉具體事例扣題。

閱讀寫作題⽬➤寫作 (30分鐘)建議字數350-400字

02.托福整合寫作真題 TOEFL WRITING TASK 1 QUESTION

整合寫作真題題目(2022年06月真題)

閱讀題目 Reading Passage：
Recently there has been an increase of seabird deaths in the Channel Islands. This growth of deaths was unprecedented and researchers have concluded that there may be a few contributing factors. First, overcompetition for food may be the driving cause. There are too many seabirds, while there aren’t enough food sources. Baby seabirds could struggle to find food— hence die from starvation. Another factor could be viral infection. During this period of mass seabird die-off, it is confirmed that a kind of starfish in the same are also died from a virus. It is likely that these seabirds could be killed by the same virus. Lastly, the main food source of these seabirds is zooplanktons. In the last few months, zooplanktons in the seabird habitat have become less nutritious and smaller in size. The low-nutrition diet and the difficulty to consume sufficient amounts of food lead to the majority of the seabirds in this habitat suffering from malnutrition and ultimately death.

聽力題目逐字稿 Lecture：
It’s true that overcompetition is a very common cause for mass mortality events in various ecosystems, but it would not lead to the large-scale seabird die out depicted here. The number of seabird deaths was close to 100,000, which is so much higher than needed to restore the balance of food sufficiency. The death toll should have stopped rising or at least increased at a slower pace once the total death toll reached a certain number, but it did not. There must be other things driving the die off to continue after the food balance is restored. And yes, it could be that the seabirds died from viral infection, but so far we haven’t found any direct evidence to support this claim. In fact, there was no detection of viral infection in the dead seabird bodies. It could be that the virus can’t be preserved well, hence are undetectable in those bodies. But until there is proof of virus existence in the bodies of the seabirds’ bodies, we cannot confirm it is the virus that caused the die out.. Lastly, there are other types of birds and fishes, such as salmon, that also feed on the same kind of zooplankton. The salmon in the same area did not die out like how the seabirds did along with the changes in zooplankton. So we can’t conclude that this change has caused the seabirds to die out.

02.托福整合寫作範文 1 TOEFL WRITING TASK 1 SAMPLE ANSWER 1

問題：

Summarize the points made in the lecture, and make sure to explain how they cast doubt on the specific points made in the reading passage. (2022年06月真題)

👩‍🦱整合寫作台灣老師滿分示範範文- 全文(字數:297字)

The reading passage explores the spike in seabird deaths in the Channel Islands recently, and several reasons are provided as possible explanations for this phenomenon. Although the statement of the argument seems convincing and substantiated, the lecturer casts doubts on it for the following reasons.

First, even though the reading passage suggests overpopulation of these birds and the resulting scarcity of food as a factor, the lecturer argues that the number of deaths greatly exceeded what was needed for the balance to be restored. He explains that once the point of equilibrium has been reached, the deaths should have ceased or at least slowed in speed. Therefore, the lecturer’s argument disapproves of its counterpart in the reading.

Second, the statement held by the writer alleges that a viral infection could be to blame, citing the death of some starfish in the same region from a virus as support. Conversely, the speaker refutes the idea by providing a solid reason that no virus was detected in the bodies of the dead birds, and further asserts that it would be impossible to connect a virus to the die-off until further evidence is found.

Last but not least, the lecturer acutely identifies the weakness in the reading for considering the decreased size and nutritional value of the zooplankton as the underlying cause. He convincingly points out that other species relying on the same food source have not suffered the same fate as the seabirds. As a result, the plunge in the quality of the zooplankton cannot be the cause for the high seabird fatalities.

In conclusion, based on the evidence provided above, it can be clearly seen that stances on both sides are paradoxical. Although the contents in the reading passage seem plausible, the speaker disproves them by solid reasons.

👱‍♀️整合寫作美國老師滿分示範範文- 全文(字數:307字)

The reading passage explores the factors contributing to an unprecedented number of seabird deaths. The author claims that overcompetition, viral infection, and less nutritious food sources accounted for these deaths. Although the argument seems convincing and substantiated, the lecturer casts doubts on it for the following reasons.

First, the reading passage claims that overcompetition is the reason for the high number of seabird deaths. It claims that the high population increases competition for food, and that many seabirds die of starvation. The lecturer, however, mentions that the rate at which seabirds are dying has not slowed even though 100,000 seabirds have died. If competition for food was a factor, we should expect the rate of seabird deaths to decrease.

Second, the passage claims that a viral infection may have caused many seabird deaths. It states that starfish were confirmed to have contracted a deadly virus and that this virus has spread to seabirds. The lecturer states that the dead seabird bodies did not have any presence of a viral infection. Even though it’s possible the virus is not detectable, we cannot claim that they died from a virus unless it can be proven.

Finally, the reading passage states that seabirds may be dying of malnutrition. It claims that their main source of food, zooplankton, have recently become less nutritious and smaller in size, so seabirds cannot get adequate nutrition. The speaker, however, mentions that salmon also feed on zooplankton and did not experience the same decline in population, so it’s unlikely that the change in zooplankton is the reason for the high number of seabird deaths.

Based on the reasoning shown above, it is clear that there is a difference between the claims of the reading and the listening passages. Although the contents in the reading passage seem plausible, the speaker disproves them through solid reasoning.

03.托福獨立寫作真題 TOEFL WRITING TASK 2 QUESTION

獨立寫作真題 題目(2022年06月真題)

問題：

Do you agree or disagree with this statement? Grandparents cannot give good advice to their grandkids because things are very different nowadays from what they were in the past.(2022年06月真題)

👩‍🦱獨立寫作台灣老師滿分示範範文- 全文 (字數:464字)

When it comes to whether grandparents can offer helpful guidance or not, answers can vary considerably from individual to individual. Some argue that our grandparents’ ideas would be completely outdated and therefore useless, while others believe that their wisdom about the world can be an invaluable resource. While both sides seem convincing and plausible, my personal experiences have led me to conclude that they can provide wise counsel that anyone might ignore at their peril.

First, however much society changes, what people hold dear does not change that much, and people will always strive for what they regard as good and truthful. Our grandparents have seen their values put to the test and can shed light on how their choices have shaped their lives and serve as guidance for us. When I was working in a school, the teachers did not keep the classes in line. The whole working environment was very chaotic and frustrating, desperately needed a better strategy, and it seemed like there was nothing I could do. However, when I mentioned my trouble to my grandfather, he told me that even though he could have kept his peace and gone along with everyone else in a situation like that, he would have regretted not making an effort to change afterward. Inspired by his words, I took the initiative to make a difference in my classroom. The progress was slow but consistent, and after a while, the atmosphere in the entire school improved. My grandfather’s suggestion gave me the push I needed to stand by my values.

Second, our grandparents can be a great guide concerning interpersonal relationships. We often talk about how much the world has changed, not realizing that human beings haven’t changed that much. With decades of accumulated knowledge of human nature, grandparents are walking encyclopedias of human psychology. I vividly remember a friend of mine in college randomly stopped talking to me and spread hurtful rumors about me. It went without saying that I was greatly perplexed. When my grandpa heard about the incident, he listened carefully and patiently to my description of our friendship and said straight away that Amy was just envious of me. He assured me that if I allowed some time and distance, the green-eyed monster would disappear on its own. As my grandpa prophesied, Amy came to me a few months later and apologized for her actions, prompted by her jealousy of my academic success in our department. Grandpa’s sage words saved me months of possible agonizing and heartache.

Given the reasons mentioned above, I believe that grandparents are an excellent source of advice regarding personal values and relationships. That is not to say other opinions are out of merit. Nevertheless, I believe I have substantiated reasons to support my point of view.

👱‍♀️獨立寫作美國老師滿分示範範文- 全文 (字數:391字)

Throughout history, humans have always passed their wisdom onto their children and their grandchildren. This practice continues through modern times and has recently been debated due to the increasing pace of technological and societal progress. Some believe that grandparents cannot give good advice to their grandchildren because times have changed considerably, while others believe that grandparents can still give relevant advice. While both views have merit, I agree with the view that grandparents can still give good advice to their grandchildren because they’ve developed conventional wisdom.

First, some advice is timeless and thus can be generally applicable to the lives of grandchildren. For example, a grandparent can give their grandchildren advice on how to set ambitious goals and achieve them. While the grandchildren may use different tools and techniques to achieve those goals, the basic principles of working hard and staying focused are still relevant. Without the foundational knowledge of goal-setting, it does not matter which tools the grandchildren use since they will not be as effective. Thus, grandparents can still give relevant, general advice to their grandchildren.

Second, much advice geared towards dealing with other people is still relevant since fundamental human characteristics and tendencies don’t change frequently. For instance, a grandparent may give advice related to developing relationships with other people. Advice about showing others respect, treating them with compassion and dignity, and bonding over shared interests has always been, and will continue to be, applicable to grandchildrens’ lives. While the vernacular used in society may have changed, human nature hasn’t, and grandchildren can benefit from hearing advice on this topic.

Finally, as humans get older and navigate through life, they make mistakes along the way and learn from them. Grandparents can share their lessons learned with their grandchildren so they can avoid making the same mistakes. For example, if a grandchild intends to set up a beverage store, the grandparent can share specific details about their experience in setting up the same or a similar store. Heeding this advice can save the grandchild time, money, and effort by avoiding the mistakes their grandparents made.

In conclusion, given the reasons mentioned above, I strongly believe that grandparents can still give their grandchildren good advice. That is not to say other opinions are completely out of merit. However, I believe I have substantiated reasons to support my point of view.

04.托福口說題型速覽 INTRODUCTION TO TOEFL SPEAKING QUESTIONS

👄托福口說部分總共有4題：

• 第1題➤獨立題型 ➤個人意見題
• 第2題➤整合題型 ➤校園情境題
• 第3題➤整合題型 ➤觀念例子題
• 第4題➤整合題型 ➤學術講課題

第1題 Speaking Task 1

題目中會提供兩個立場論述，請你擇一立場附理由解釋你的觀點，或是提供單一論點，請你附理由解釋自己同意或不同意。

看到題目➤準備 (15秒)➤口說回答 (45秒)

第2題 Speaking Task 2

題目中將提供一篇閱讀篇章(學生陳情信、校園公告等)，後播放一段聽力音檔，內容主要為2位學生的對話。閱讀以及聽完之後，考生須統整閱讀與聽力資訊作口說摘要。

閱讀 (45-50秒)➤聽力 (約1-1.5分)➤準備 (30秒)➤口說回答 (60秒)

第3題 Speaking Task 3

題目中將提供一篇閱讀篇章，內容主要為學術文章，後播放一段聽力音檔，內容主要為教授講課片對。閱讀以及聽完之後，考生須統整閱讀與聽力資訊作口說摘要。

閱讀 (45-50秒)➤聽力 (約1-1.5分)➤準備 (30秒)➤口說回答 (60秒)

第4題 Speaking Task 4

題目將播放一篇聽力音檔，內容主要為學術講課，聽完後考生須作口說摘要。

聽力 (約1-2分)➤準備 (20秒)➤口說回答 (60秒)

05.托福口說第1題真題與示範答案 TOEFL SPEAKING TASK 1 QUESTION, SAMPLE ANSWER

問題：

Do you think celebrities should use their money and popularity to help people? (2022年06月真題)

🎙口說第1題 示範答案音檔

口說第1題 示範答案 逐字稿

I agree with the statement, but only to some extent. To begin with, celebrities are not obligated to spend their hard earned money on people that they have no relations to. I think we’re in no position to judge someone who is more well off or wealthy and decides to not donate parts of their wealth to a bigger cause. They may have their own reasons as to why they are not doing so. However, I do think that the celebrities that take the time to help others are very respectable. It is great to see public figures who decide to use their platforms and resources to help the less fortunate. In other words, it will be great if celebrities do help people, but they are not obligated to do so.

06.托福口說第2題真題 TOEFL SPEAKING TASK 2 QUESTION

口說第2題 真題(2022年06月真題)

閱讀題目 Letter

As exams are approaching, I have a suggestion for the study rooms in the library. I believe that the university should establish an online reservation system for the library study rooms. This will allow students to plan ahead of time and bear no risk of coming to the library only to find out there are no available rooms. Moreover, the online reservation system will help make the study rooms more accessible. We can set a two hour limit on the study room reservations so everyone can take turns using the study rooms.
Sincerely,
Nick

聽力題目逐字稿 Conversation

Listen to a conversation between two students.
Student A: So what do you think about Nick’s letter?
Student B: Well, to be honest, I thought it adds an unnecessary step to studying.
Student A: Oh really? How so?
Student B: Reserving online is going to be an extra step and it is very likely that students are going to forget to reserve it. I just think it makes the whole process a lot more inefficient. Besides, everytime I go to the library, there are always empty study rooms available, so there isn’t a real need for the reservation system.
Student A: Yeah, that makes sense. It is usually empty when I was there tool.
Student B: What about setting a time limit on the usage of the rooms though?
Student A: That doesn’t make sense at all either! Recently I had a group study with my Japanese class for our exams. Altogether, it took us about four hours just to review all the content, which was way over the 2-hour limit. For students who reserve the study room for group sessions, it would be inconvenient to stop the study session midway and go somewhere else.
Student B: Ahh, I can see your point now.

06.托福口說第2題示範答案 TOEFL SPEAKING TASK 2 SAMPLE ANSWER

問題：

The student expresses her opinion of the suggestion in the letter. State the student’s opinion and explain the reasons she gives for holding that opinion. (2022年06月真題)

🎙口說第2題 示範答案音檔

口說第2題 示範答案逐字稿

The letter that the student wrote suggests that the university should build an online reservation system for the study rooms in the library and set a limit on the time usage. However, the woman in the listening disagrees with it for the following reasons. First, she states that it only adds an unnecessary step to studying. She believes that a lot of people will forget to reserve before going to the library and she does not have trouble finding empty study rooms whenever she goes. Second, she argues that setting a two hour limit on the room usage is completely impractical. She explains that when she studied with her Japanese study group in the past, it took them four hours to go over all the contents, which was well over the time limit. She states that it would be inconvenient if they have to leave the study room mid-study.

07.托福口說第3題真題 TOEFL SPEAKING TASK 3 QUESTION

閱讀題目 Textbook

Perceptual narrowing is a process that happens naturally as babies develop that allows their brains to notice less visual details. This usually happens at an early stage in brain developments during our baby stage. Although it may seem like this process is something negative, it is actually very helpful in our lives as an adult when it comes to perceiving things in our daily lives.

聽力題目逐字稿 Lecture

Listen to a lecture by a Professor
Professor: Ok, let’s look at an experiment. So a group of researchers prepared two snail pictures to show to a few infant and adult participants. When the participants looked at the two pictures, the researchers noticed that the infants stared at the second picture longer than they did at the first picture. That is because these infants noticed a distinct difference between the two as the brightness of the pictures was not the same. The first picture was brighter and the second was duller. On the other hand, the adults didn’t notice the difference at all. That was because, essentially, the snail itself was identical in both pictures. The way the adults process things is actually helpful in real life. For example, when adults are in an office, they are able to identify a book or a cup despite lighting or brightness changes.

07.托福口說第3題示範答案 TOEFL SPEAKING TASK 3 SAMPLE ANSWER

問題：

Using points and examples from the lecture, please describe what is perceptual narrowing.(2022年06月真題)

🎙口說第3題 示範答案音檔

口說第3題 示範答案逐字稿

The reading explains the concept of perceptual narrowing, which is a process that allows people’s brains to perceive less visual details. The professor in the listening mentions an experiment as an example of this process. He explains that a group of researchers showed a few babies and adults two pictures of snails. The babies stared at the second picture a lot longer than they did at the first one as they noticed the difference in brightness in the pictures– one was brighter and the other was duller. However, the adults did not notice the change. To them, the snail itself in the pictures was the same so they did not think there was any difference between the pictures. Because of this developmental process, adults are able to identify everyday items such as books or cups easily despite lighting changes in a real life setting. That is to say, perceptual narrowing actually benefits adults in identifying a certain item even when there are slight changes to the item.

08.托福口說第4題真題 TOEFL SPEAKING TASK 4 QUESTION

聽力題目逐字稿 Listening

Listen to a lecture in Biology class
There are several ways that animals use their patterns to deceive their prey in order to catch them easily. One way is to use camouflage to blend in with the surroundings. Let’s look at a marine animal, stone fish, first. It is brown and grey and can easily blend into the ocean floor to imitate a stone. Therefore, when another fish that they prey on passes by, they can capture them while being unnoticed. Another way is to use their patterns to attract prey. Moving onto some land creatures, the orchid mantis is a great example. They are white and in could shapes, disguising themselves as a kind of white flower. Their main food sources are insects such as bees. So, when bees try to get nectar from the flowers, they are actually going towards their predators, the mantis.

08.托福口說第4題示範答案 TOEFL SPEAKING TASK 4 SAMPLE ANSWER

問題：

Use the examples in the lecture to explain the adaptations of organisms using patterns to catch their prey. (2022年06月真題)

🎙口說第4題 示範答案音檔

口說第4題 示範答案逐字稿

The lecture explains different adaptations of animals using their patterns to catch their prey. The first adaptation is using coloration as a disguise. An example of this is the stone fish. Its brown and grey color is similar to a stone on the ocean floor. Therefore, they can catch and feed on a passing fish without being noticed. Another adaptation is using patterns to attract prey. The professor uses orchid mantis as an example. These mantises feed on insects, such as bees, and look very similar to a white flower, which bees feed on. As a result, when a bee is gathering pollen from the flowers, a mantis can blend into the flower bushes and catch the feeding bee. This is how the two examples demonstrate how organisms use patterns to catch their prey.

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