托福真經月報-2022年09月報

01.托福寫作題型速覽 INTRODUCTION TO TOEFL WRITING QUESTIONS

📝托福寫作2種題型

• 第1題 (Writing Task 1) :整合寫作題型
• 第2題 (Writing Task 2) :獨立寫作題型

第1題 整合寫作題 Writing Task 1

本題考生將用約3分鐘閱讀一篇文章，再用約2分鐘聽一段教授講課音檔，閱讀題目後在20分鐘內完成寫作，統整聽力中教授講課內容如何回應閱讀中的論點。

建議練習方向為練習閱讀資訊改寫(換句話說)，練習聽力資訊詳實轉述，與練習使用高分模板寫作(推薦克雷英文滿分寫作模板)。

閱讀 (3分鐘) ➤聽⼒ (約2分鐘) ➤閱讀寫作題⽬ ➤寫作 (20分鐘) 建議字數250-300字

第2題 獨立寫作題 Writing Task 2

本題考生將針對題目中問題，在30分鐘內完成寫作，提出自己的論點並以理由與例證說明論點。

建議練習方向為練習快速構思理由，練習論說文的說理式寫作邏輯(推薦克雷英文滿分寫作模板)，與練習舉具體事例扣題。

閱讀寫作題⽬➤寫作 (30分鐘)建議字數350-400字

02.托福整合寫作真題 TOEFL WRITING TASK 1 QUESTION

整合寫作真題題目(2022年09月真題)

閱讀題目 Reading Passage：
In the course of evolutionary history, many differences have emerged between mammals and other classes, such as reptiles and birds. One of the most recognizable traits of mammals is that they give birth rather than laying eggs and then nurse their young, which results in a higher survival rate for mammal offspring compared to that of other vertebrates.

For one thing, mammals generally have fewer offspring than non-mammals, which allows mothers to take better care of their young. Consider that a female elephant almost always gives birth to a single calf. Having only one at a time means that the mother elephant can protect her calf from harm and can provide it with food, ensuring good nutrition. The concentrated care arising from smaller litters improves the survival rate of mammals.

Second, baby mammals are generally more developed at the time of birth than non-mammals are when they hatch, making the mammals less prone to predation. For example, foals (baby horses) can stand, walk and even run on the day that they are born. On the other hand, by the time a group of defenseless tadpoles metamorphose and become adult frogs, a large portion of them have been eaten. Therefore, young mammals are more likely to live to adulthood.

Finally, being well-developed at birth means that young mammals can quickly reach adulthood, minimizing the amount of time spent as an adolescent, vulnerable to dangers such as predators or malnutrition. From the time a cat is born it typically only takes one year to reach adulthood; this number contrasts sharply with the turtle, an animal of similar size that becomes fully mature after three or more years. Having less time as an adolescent translates into a higher survival rate for mammals.

聽力題目逐字稿 Lecture：
While there are a number of examples that seem to indicate that mammals have a higher offspring survival rate, they shouldn’t be taken as proof. In fact, we can find counterexamples for each of them.

For one thing, though it is the case that many mammals give birth to a small number of young at a time, this isn’t true for all of them. To take an extreme example, there is an animal called the tailless tenrec, which lives in Madagascar. Amazingly, this small mammal gives birth to as many as thirty-two offspring in a single litter. With that many babies, a mother tenrec would certainly be unable to provide specialized care to each one. So having fewer offspring can’t be taken as compelling evidence for a higher survival rate among young mammals.

Second is the claim that mammals are more developed at birth when compared with other classes when they hatch. This is also a phenomenon that is sometimes true and sometimes not. For instance, giant panda cubs typically weigh around 100 grams at the time of birth, about one one thousandth the weight of their own mother. The babies are blind and defenseless, a far cry from the well-developed newborn horse mentioned in the reading passage. Therefore, it isn’t the case that being well-developed at birth provides a higher survival rate for adolescent mammals.

Finally, the reading passage claims that mammals take less time to reach adulthood than animals which hatch from eggs. We can approach this idea from our own experience as humans: we take about twenty years to reach adulthood. During much of that time, human children require nearly constant care before they are able to survive on their own. Clearly, it’s preposterous to claim that mammals have a higher offspring survival rate because they reach maturity more quickly than other animals.

02.托福整合寫作範文 1 TOEFL WRITING TASK 1 SAMPLE ANSWER 1

問題：

Summarize the points made in the lecture, and make sure to explain how they cast doubt on the specific points made in the reading passage. (2022年09月真題)

👩‍🦱整合寫作台灣老師滿分示範範文- 全文(字數: 331字)

The reading passage states that mammals have a higher survival rate among their young than other animals. Although it presents several pieces of evidence, the professor in the lecture counters each of these points and refutes the argument.

First, the reading passage contends that mammals have smaller litters meaning that adults can focus their care on a smaller number of babies, ensuring their good nutrition and protection from harm. However, the professor provides the counterexample of the tailless tenrec. This mammal has very large litters with as many as thirty-two offspring in a single pregnancy. Because the professor demonstrates that mammals do not necessarily have small litters, this cannot be used as evidence for a higher survival rate among young mammals.

Second, the reading passage states that mammal offspring are more developed at the time of birth than animals in other classes are at the time of hatching and are therefore better able to fend for themselves, finding food and avoiding predators. On the other hand, the professor points out that when baby pandas are born they weigh only one hundred grams and are blind and defenseless. Hence, mammals do not universally have well-developed young, and so the reading passage’s point does not provide solid evidence that mammal offspring survive at a higher rate.

The reading passage’s final argument is that mammals tend to have a shorter adolescent period than other animals. Because youth is typically a period of vulnerability to dangers such as predators or malnutrition, spending less time as a child raises the survival rate among young mammals. However, the professor gives the example of humans, which take around twenty years to reach maturity. So, it can hardly be said that all mammals have a short adolescent period, much less that this proves a higher survival rate among young mammals.

Although the reading passage’s argument for a high mammal offspring survival rate seems convincing, the professor successfully counters each point in the reading, thereby refuting the passage’s central thesis.

👱‍♀️整合寫作美國老師滿分示範範文- 全文(字數: 360字)

The reading passage discusses the topic of the survival rate of mammal offspring versus non-mammal offspring. It argues that mammal babies have a higher survival rate than non-mammal babies due to their large size and low quantity. Although the argument seems convincing and substantiated, the lecturer casts doubts on it for the following reasons.

First, the reading passage claims that mammals tend to have fewer offspring than non-mammals. It mentions that having fewer offspring allows parents to better take care of their young. The speaker acknowledges that the latter is true, but states that not all mammals have few offspring. For example, the tailless tenrec of Madagascar has litters of up to 32. This suggests that a mother tenrec cannot devote adequate time to taking care of all those offspring, which means their survival rate will be lower.

Second, the reading passage indicates that mammal babies come out of the mother’s womb larger and more well-developed than non-mammals, so they can escape predators and take care of themselves. The lecturer casts doubt on this, as some mammal babies are rather small at birth. He cites the example of giant pandas, whose babies are much smaller than their mothers and weigh just 100 grams at birth. Panda babies are also blind, inhibiting their ability to escape predators and ultimately survive.

Finally, the reading passage suggests that mammal babies require less time to mature since they are born more well-developed than non-mammal babies. This leads to a higher survival rate because they can take care of themselves more quickly. The lecturer rejects this claim because some mammals take a long time to mature and require a significant amount of care in their early life. For example, human infants are rather helpless. They need the constant care of a parent for several years before they can survive on their own. While some mammals are well-suited for survival soon after birth, others are not. Based on the reasoning shown above, it is clear that there is a discrepancy between the accounts of the reading and the listening passages. Although the contents in the reading passage seem plausible, the speaker disproves them through solid reasoning.

03.托福獨立寫作真題 TOEFL WRITING TASK 2 QUESTION

獨立寫作真題 題目(2022年09月真題)

問題：

問題:Imagine that you are visiting a city while traveling but only have a limited amount of time to spend there. Which is the best way to explore the city?
1. Go to a local market
2. Go to historical sites
3. Go to coffee shops
Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer. (2022年09月真題)

👩‍🦱獨立寫作台灣老師滿分示範範文- 全文 (字數: 360字)

There are many ways to explore an unfamiliar city, including visiting local markets, touring historic sites, or spending time in coffee shops. While each of these methods has its merits, I believe that local markets provide the best opportunity to encounter a city.

First, visiting a market allows the outsider to meet some local people. For instance, when I was once in Nanjing, I visited a market and was soon approached by some friendly locals who asked me where I was from. Soon we had added each other on social media and ate a meal together. This sort of person-to-person interaction is a great reason to go to a local market when traveling in an unfamiliar city.

Second, a traveler can get a taste of authentic local food in a market. In areas that are heavily trafficked by tourists, food is often of a lower quality and a higher price, whereas markets are catering to local shoppers. I once was in a small city in Louisiana and went to the farmer’s market on a Saturday morning. Because this was not a place for tourists to visit, I was able to eat boudin and jambalaya the way the locals enjoy it, instead of a knock off targeted toward outsiders. So, visiting the market gave me a more authentic culinary experience than if I had gone elsewhere.

Finally, visiting historic sites or spending time in coffee shops might give an inauthentic impression of the city. When I visited Venice with some friends, we spent a considerable amount of time visiting magnificent works of architecture and enjoying a pastry with coffee in small cafes. These were enjoyable activities, but did not reflect the everyday life of local people, so I often felt that we were not getting a glimpse of the real Italy. Thus, visiting markets is a better way to explore a city.

Though going to historic sites or spending time in cafes might be enjoyable, the best way to explore a city in a short amount of time is to visit a local market. Through this, one can meet local people, taste authentic food and experience everyday life for local people.

👱‍♀️獨立寫作美國老師滿分示範範文- 全文 (字數: 376字)

When exploring a new city in a limited amount of time, tourists tend to participate in different activities to better understand the local people and culture. Some activities include visiting a local market, going to historical sites, and spending time in coffee shops and cafes. Although all of these activities will lead to a greater understanding of the city, the best way to explore a city is to visit historical sites.

First, visiting historical sites provides an unparalleled window into the history of the city. This is because the sites provide information about the formation and culture of the city. They also hold particular significance in the city’s development. For example, visiting a well-preserved library will uncover insights into the prominent industries of the city along with the values of its people. It can reveal the common professions and interests of people in the city.

Second, visiting historical sites gives you an opportunity to travel to locations you otherwise would not see. While some historical sites are located in popular areas, others are located on the outskirts of the city. Coffee shops and local markets are especially popular in tourist areas, and you will only see a snapshot of the city if you visit them. However, visiting historical sites enables you to experience parts of the city that only locals see, which gives you a more holistic picture of life in the city.

Finally, you will experience more of the city by visiting historical sites since you will need to travel to visit them. As mentioned earlier, historical sites can be located on the outskirts of the city. By traveling to them, you will see more parts of the city than you would in a coffee shop or a local market. Through the process of traveling, you will learn about the types of transportation available, learn about the manners of the local people, see more neighborhoods, and gain a more complete understanding of the city.

In conclusion, given the reasons mentioned above, I strongly believe that the best way to explore a city in a limited amount of time is to visit historical sites. That is not to say other opinions are completely without merit. However, I believe the reasons given substantiate my point of view.

04.托福口說題型速覽 INTRODUCTION TO TOEFL SPEAKING QUESTIONS

👄托福口說部分總共有4題：

• 第1題➤獨立題型 ➤個人意見題
• 第2題➤整合題型 ➤校園情境題
• 第3題➤整合題型 ➤觀念例子題
• 第4題➤整合題型 ➤學術講課題

第1題 Speaking Task 1

題目中會提供兩個立場論述，請你擇一立場附理由解釋你的觀點，或是提供單一論點，請你附理由解釋自己同意或不同意。

看到題目➤準備 (15秒)➤口說回答 (45秒)

第2題 Speaking Task 2

題目中將提供一篇閱讀篇章(學生陳情信、校園公告等)，後播放一段聽力音檔，內容主要為2位學生的對話。閱讀以及聽完之後，考生須統整閱讀與聽力資訊作口說摘要。

閱讀 (45-50秒)➤聽力 (約1-1.5分)➤準備 (30秒)➤口說回答 (60秒)

第3題 Speaking Task 3

題目中將提供一篇閱讀篇章，內容主要為學術文章，後播放一段聽力音檔，內容主要為教授講課片對。閱讀以及聽完之後，考生須統整閱讀與聽力資訊作口說摘要。

閱讀 (45-50秒)➤聽力 (約1-1.5分)➤準備 (30秒)➤口說回答 (60秒)

第4題 Speaking Task 4

題目將播放一篇聽力音檔，內容主要為學術講課，聽完後考生須作口說摘要。

聽力 (約1-2分)➤準備 (20秒)➤口說回答 (60秒)

05.托福口說第1題真題與示範答案 TOEFL SPEAKING TASK 1 QUESTION, SAMPLE ANSWER

問題：

問題: Some professors prefer to answer students’ questions at the end of the lecture, while others stop at different points to answer students’ questions. Which style do you think is better for students’ learning and why? (2022年09月真題)

🎙口說第1題 示範答案音檔

口說第1題 示範答案 逐字稿

I believe that it’s better for professors to take student questions during the lecture intermittently, instead of waiting until the end of the lecture to answer them, for the following two reasons. First, if they wait until the end of class or the end of the lecture to ask a question, students might forget what their questions are, and in some cases they might be really important and helpful to help students understand the content. Second, it helps students to stay engaged with the class if there’s more interaction. If there’s a lecture that just goes on and on and students aren’t able to ask questions, they might lose interest in the material and lose their attention. So, this is why I feel this way.

06.托福口說第2題真題 TOEFL SPEAKING TASK 2 QUESTION

口說第2題 真題(2022年09月真題)

閱讀題目 Letter

Purchasing a 3D Printer
In order to better meet the needs of modern education, I believe that the university should purchase a 3D printer for student use. Such a printer would be great for architecture and engineering students, who could print out models of their projects. This would give those classes an opportunity to take classroom concepts and put them into practice. When it comes to location, I think the best spot for a 3D printer is in the library. That’s where the paper printers already are, so it makes sense to place the 3D printer there so students can print everything in the same place. Furthermore, the library is where most students go to work on school projects, so it will be convenient to have the printer nearby. Sincerely,
Stephen Grant

聽力題目逐字稿 Listening

Listen to a conversation between two students.
Student A: Hey, did you see the copy of Stephen’s email?
Student B: I sure did. I think getting a 3D printer would be great for us students.
Student A: Really? Why do you say that?
Student B: Well, Stephen is absolutely right that it would be a big help for students majoring in architecture and engineering. For example, my architecture class is working on a project right now that involves designing a bridge over a river. The final product is a drawing of the bridge.
Student A: But a printed model would be better?
Student B: You bet! It would be so cool to have a physical object to hold and look at. We could even do experiments with the models, seeing which ones are stronger or use less materials.
Student A: Gotcha. So you really support the idea of getting a 3D printer for the library, huh?
Student B: Well, I’m not so sure about the location. Stephen thinks we should put the printer in the library. But I don’t think we should do that just because it’s where most students study or where the other printers are.
Student A: You don’t think that’s the best place?
Student B: The fact is that most students won’t be using the 3D printer. It’ll be mainly useful only to a couple of majors, most notably architecture. So it makes more sense to have the printer in the architecture building, since that’ll be most convenient to the people actually using it.
Student A: What about people studying engineering? Won’t they use it a lot too?
Student B: That’s true, but the architecture building is still closer to the engineering department than the library, so having the 3D printer in the architecture building will still be more convenient for those engineering students.
Student A: I think you have a point.

06.托福口說第2題示範答案 TOEFL SPEAKING TASK 2 SAMPLE ANSWER

問題：

問題:The student expresses her opinion of the suggestion in the letter. State the student’s opinion and explain the reasons she gives for holding that opinion. (2022年09月真題)

🎙口說第2題 示範答案音檔

口說第2題 示範答案逐字稿

Stephen’s email proposes that the university should purchase a 3D printer and place it in the library. The student in the listening passage partially agrees with this. She says that the university should indeed purchase a 3D printer. It would provide students a lot of hands-on experience, especially in her department, architecture. Right now, she and her classmates are working on a project where they are drawing bridges, but she says it would be even better if they could print out the bridges and see which ones are the strongest. However, she does not agree that the printer should be placed in the library. Although this is where many students spend a lot of time and where the other printers are currently, she says that most students won’t be using the 3D printer. Instead, it should be placed in the architecture building, because that’s where a lot of people will be using the printer frequently. So, that’s why she partially agrees with the email.

07.托福口說第3題真題 TOEFL SPEAKING TASK 3 QUESTION

閱讀題目 Textbook

Human beings are accustomed to thinking about the world in terms of the five senses with which we perceive it: sight, hearing, touch, taste and smell. But some animals have a sense called magnetoreception, which allows them to perceive the Earth’s magnetic field. The magnetic field is created by metallic materials inside the Earth and is the reason that iron compasses point north or south. Some animals are able to “see” this magnetic field. This ability is useful for navigation and is most frequently found in animals that migrate over vast distances or or live in environments that prevent the effective use of other senses. At this time, scientists have been unable to definitively prove the method or even the organ that allows these animals to perceive the magnetic field.

聽力題目逐字稿 Lecture

Listening:
So, one animal that uses magnetoreception is the homing pigeon. Famously, these birds can find their way home even after having been moved vast distances, even as far as one thousand miles. Now I think it should be obvious that they don’t manage this feat just by remembering the way home. Researchers have proven that homing pigeons use the Earth’s magnetic field to navigate. When they attached small magnets to some homing pigeons, the birds lost their ability to navigate due to the magnet interfering with their magnetoreception.
A less famous animal with magnetoreception is the Zambian mole-rat. It’s a rodent that lives in Zambia and spends nearly all of its life underground. Because it lives in a very dark environment, it is almost completely blind to visible light. But, that doesn’t mean that these animals get lost all the time. Researchers who study the Zambian mole-rat have observed that the mole-rats have a tendency to build their homes in the south-east corner of an enclosed area. They reasoned that the only way these animals could know which direction was south-east is by “seeing” the magnetic field with magnetoreception.

07.托福口說第3題示範答案 TOEFL SPEAKING TASK 3 SAMPLE ANSWER

問題：

問題: Using points and examples from the lecture, please describe what is magnetoreception.(2022年09月真題)

🎙口說第3題 示範答案音檔

口說第3題 示範答案逐字稿

The reading passage discusses the concept of magnetoreception. It talks about how some animals are able to perceive the magnetic field that surrounds the earth. The professor in the lecture gives two examples of animals that do this. First is the homing pigeon. This animal is able to fly over vast distances, over a thousand miles, without getting lost. This is because it’s able to “see” the magnetic field of the Earth and so it uses this to navigate. Another animal is the Zambian mole-rat, which lives almost entirely underground. In the darkness of the underground, it uses magnetoreception to navigate. For example, researchers put some rats in an enclosed area and found that they always made their homes in the southeast corner. They were able to perceive the magnetic field, which allowed them to know which way was southeast. These are the two examples that illustrate the concept of magnetoreception.

08.托福口說第4題真題 TOEFL SPEAKING TASK 4 QUESTION

聽力題目逐字稿 Listening

Listen to a lecture in Biology class
OK, so we’ve discussed the importance of people purchasing items that are environmentally friendly. But if it’s so important, why don’t more people make a point of buying environmental products?
One of the most common reasons is cost. Many environmentally friendly products are more expensive. For example, organic foods are less damaging to agricultural ecology because they don’t use toxic pesticides and harmful chemical fertilizers. In most cases, organic foods are right next to their non-organic counterparts in the grocery store, so it is not any less convenient to buy them. But when a consumer sees that the price is one and a half times or even double the regular product, they will be unwilling to make that organic purchase.
Another common issue is accessibility. Some products don’t have relatively available green alternatives. For instance, many household cleaners, like the ones you use to clean your toilet, contain chemicals that are damaging to water quality. Even if a consumer wants to purchase an environmentally friendly version of these cleaners, there simply isn’t one to buy. More research needs to be done to develop environmental alternatives to these harmful products.

08.托福口說第4題示範答案 TOEFL SPEAKING TASK 4 SAMPLE ANSWER

問題：

問題:Using points and examples from the lecture, explain why people do not buy more environmentally friendly products.(2022年09月真題)

🎙口說第4題 示範答案音檔

口說第4題 示範答案逐字稿

The professor in the lecture provides two reasons why people don’t buy more environmentally friendly products. First is cost. She uses organic food as an example. This is food that does not use the same pesticides and fertilizers as other food. But, the result is that it’s much more expensive, perhaps twice as expensive. Most consumers will be unwilling to pay that kind of price and will go with the less ecologically friendly option. The other reason given by the professor is availability. There are some products, such as cleaners that you use in your bathroom, which are very ecologically harmful. Yet, there is no readily available green alternative. If consumers are unable to find an alternative in their stores, they won’t be able to make that purchase. So these are the two examples provided in the lecture.